� Aviation fuel spills can occur as a result of human error, faulty valves or fuel venting.,

liters) of deicing fluid to deice a large commercial aircraft (EPA, 1995). Over a year, a,

can be mitigated. We begin with a review of the local, national and international regulatory,

such as on-time performance, availability of direct flights, and ticket price tend to trump,

wash. Effluent from wet washes can contain heavy metals and hydrocarbons. Runoff,

effectively balance the need for mobility with the demand for environmental protection,,

millimeters can adversely affect aircraft aerodynamic performance (Valarezo et al., 1993;,

and to be positioned in a place where they will not be damaged by vehicle collisions.,

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a United Nations body that,

quality is particularly challenging because aviation痴 environmental impacts are highly,

� Aircraft deicing is the dominant source of biological oxygen demand (BOD) from,

ing the impact of aviation on the environment. In the USA, the Environmental Protection,

ciate Editor for Operations Research and for Transportation Science, as President of the,

by recommending appropriate standards that regulatory bodies in member nations around,

liters) of deicing fluid to deice a large commercial aircraft (EPA, 1995). Over a year, a,

for clean air standards is borne by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The CAA,

for safety. According to the US EPA, it takes on average 500 - 1000 gallons (2250 - 4500,

balance society痴 desires for mobility and environmental quality.,

emissions taxes and emissions trading. While environmental goals represent only a fraction,

14.3 Airport Water Quality Control,

areas are kept free of weeds for aircraft safety and to preserve the infrastructure. If,

effectively balance the need for mobility with the demand for environmental protection,,

This chapter provides an introductory overview of civil aviation痴 impacts on water,

and to be positioned in a place where they will not be damaged by vehicle collisions.,

around the world because of the actions of local and regional groups. Airports and airlines,

fluids (Type I ADFs) and aircraft anti-icing fluids (Type IV AAFs) (Switzenbaum et al.,,

balance must be struck. Balancing society痴 objectives for mobility and environmental,

produce a net warming effect). Section 14.6 discusses the impact of aviation emissions,

areas are kept free of weeds for aircraft safety and to preserve the infrastructure. If,

eral additives, such as corrosion inhibitors, flame retardants, wetting agents, pH buffers,,

tems, and Co-Director of the Operations Research Center at the Massachusetts Institute,

and methods for designing, planning and operating transportation systems. She currently,

chemicals such as oils, fuel and heavy metals.,

industry. Her research activities have focused on the development of optimization models,

1990, provides for minimum air quality standards for certain pollutants (the National,

aerodynamic properties of the wing are not changed by ice. Ice layers of only a few,

at between $5 billion and $10 billion in the USA alone Morrison et al., 1999; GAO,,

can be mitigated. We begin with a review of the local, national and international regulatory,

Thus it can take up to 40 years to turn a fleet over to a new technology. In addition,,

interrelated. For example, quieter engines may be heavier and therefore less fuel efficient,,

There are several challenges to limiting the environmental impact of aviation. Aviation,

14.3 Airport Water Quality Control,

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