Authority (JAA). In addition to these governmental bodies, the communities around air-,

wash. Effluent from wet washes can contain heavy metals and hydrocarbons. Runoff,

publication of the initial emissions standards in 1973, the FAA has worked with ICAO,

Thus it can take up to 40 years to turn a fleet over to a new technology. In addition,,

ICAO strives to limit or reduce the number of people affected by significant aircraft noise,,

ports are having an increasing influence on airport and aircraft operations. This influence is,

Prize Award for Best Paper in Transportation Science & Logistics , and the INFORMS,

serves or has served as Area Editor (Transportation) for Operations Research , as Asso-,

ports are having an increasing influence on airport and aircraft operations. This influence is,

of aviation emissions at the local and regional level.,

serves or has served as Area Editor (Transportation) for Operations Research , as Asso-,

emissions taxes and emissions trading. While environmental goals represent only a fraction,

In Europe, the European Union monitors and limits emissions by means of Directives,

vents as well as heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. This runoff can be significant;,

publication of the initial emissions standards in 1973, the FAA has worked with ICAO,

an ethylene glycol-based fluid known as UCAR) to loosen snow and ice, which can then,

• Leaks and spills from the fuel farm and fuel supply infrastructure.,

• Surface runoff from ground transport areas, including car rental bases, bus stops and,

(a warming effect) and through removal of methane (a cooling effect). In addition, contrails,

of aviation emissions at the local and regional level.,

term. New aircraft development typically takes 5 years or more to be proven commer-,

Cynthia Barnhart is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs for the MIT School of,

While environmental performance ranks behind safety and economics in priorities in the,

operations and technology). Operational changes include limiting flight hours (e.g., noise,

Aircraft NOx emissions have indirect effects through production of tropospheric ozone,

quality, community noise, local air quality, and climate change, and how these impacts,

• Aviation fuel spills can occur as a result of human error, faulty valves or fuel venting.,

14.3 Airport Water Quality Control,

Ambient Air Quality Standards, or NAAQS) and requires states to implement a plan (state,

aircraft may be subject to different operating restrictions based on its noise level at its,

the world can adopt (NRC, 2002). With regard to the environmental impact of aviation,,

the airline industry and airline management at MIT and is the Program Manager of the,

assessment methods across the EU. Previously, emissions standards were set at national,

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a United Nations body that,

NASA is responsible for increasing the range of environmental mitigation options that,

Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2399). Section 14.5 discusses the sources, impacts and control,

friendly airlines or aircraft, the necessary information is not easily available to those,

around the world because of the actions of local and regional groups. Airports and airlines,

on the development of international aircraft emission standards (EPA, 2005). Finally,,

for clean air standards is borne by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The CAA,

eral additives, such as corrosion inhibitors, flame retardants, wetting agents, pH buffers,,

do not consider environmental performance important in selecting an airline - concerns,

by recommending appropriate standards that regulatory bodies in member nations around,

homes and land purchase) around airports. In particular, the Aviation Safety and Noise,

design and policy problems that require joint attention to noise, air quality and climate,

of Technology. She has developed and teaches courses including carrier systems, opti-,

propylene glycol, urea, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, calcium magnesium acetate, or,

Lynch and Khodadoust, 2001). Deicing and anti-icing of aircraft are therefore essential,

ter of Science in Transportation and a Ph.D. in Flight Transportation Systems from the,

the world can adopt (NRC, 2002). With regard to the environmental impact of aviation,,