vide airlines with a strong disincentive to prematurely phase out or retire aircraft. For,

increasing fuel use (and thus increasing operating costs and environmental impacts). To,

the impact of aviation emissions on surface air quality, and the impact of aviation green-,

vents as well as heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. This runoff can be significant;,

• Inadequate storage, handling or disposal of oils and other chemicals can also contribute,

the INFORMS Transportation and Logistics Section, as President of INFORMS, and as,

growth is correlated with economic growth. Placing inappropriate constraints on aviation,

of Technology. She has developed and teaches courses including carrier systems, opti-,

to carry fuel reserves to ensure they can safely reach their destination - and beyond if,

the interdependencies between noise and emissions. Aircraft designed to meet stringent,

issues. Lastly, the timescales involved in changing aviation technology and hence envi-,

ter of Science in Transportation and a Ph.D. in Flight Transportation Systems from the,

is fueling heightened attention across the industry to addressing aviation’s environmental,

increasing fuel use (and thus increasing operating costs and environmental impacts). To,

deiced before takeoff to ensure that wing control surfaces can function and that the,

• Aircraft are washed in three ways: dry wash, wet cosmetic wash and wet maintenance,

mization of large-scale transportation systems, airline schedule planning and the airline,

the interdependencies between noise and emissions. Aircraft designed to meet stringent,

101 - 549, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2399). For aircraft, the enforcement responsibility,

typically produced through public reaction to noise assessments and environmental impact,

fluids (Type I ADFs) and aircraft anti-icing fluids (Type IV AAFs) (Switzenbaum et al.,,

medium-sized airport may use more than 264 000 gallons of deicing fluid (Betts, 1999). In,

liters) of deicing fluid to deice a large commercial aircraft (EPA, 1995). Over a year, a,

1990, provides for minimum air quality standards for certain pollutants (the National,

addition, iced-over or snow-covered runways, taxiways and aprons must also be deiced,,

ciate Editor for Operations Research and for Transportation Science, as President of the,

chemicals such as oils, fuel and heavy metals.,

the high capital costs of aircraft coupled with the high residual value of aircraft pro-,

term. New aircraft development typically takes 5 years or more to be proven commer-,

ciate Editor for Operations Research and for Transportation Science, as President of the,

agement Sciences, the Junior Faculty Career Award from the General Electric Foundation,,

• Construction and contractors’ compounds.,

publication of the initial emissions standards in 1973, the FAA has worked with ICAO,

At the global level, aircraft emissions contribute to climate change by increasing the,

industry. Her research activities have focused on the development of optimization models,

constraints and aviation economics (e.g.,Waitz et al., 2004; JPDO, 2006). This awareness,

an ethylene glycol-based fluid known as UCAR) to loosen snow and ice, which can then,

• Inadequate storage, handling or disposal of oils and other chemicals can also contribute,

Prize Award for Best Paper in Transportation Science & Logistics , and the INFORMS,

• Airports must also control plants and pests to ensure that runways and aircraft pavement,

species populations. Pesticides and herbicides may run off into the groundwater and,

aircraft may be subject to different operating restrictions based on its noise level at its,

of hydrocarbons and heavy metals released from burnt materials.,

noise standards at one location may compromise emissions more generally.,

from washing of ground support vehicles can contain oils, grease, detergents and sol-,

noise restrictions and distribute funding for mitigation (typically sound insulation for,

statements that are required prior to airport development projects or airspace redesign.,

levels of greenhouse gases such as CO2 and H2O in the troposphere and stratosphere.,

airport sources adversely affect air quality and therefore health. In the USA many coun-,

ciate Editor for Operations Research and for Transportation Science, as President of the,