protection standards. The Clean Air Act of 1973 (CAA), which was last amended in,

environmental performance. Even when passengers do wish to select environmentally,

Cynthia Barnhart is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs for the MIT School of,

ily through surface discharge of contaminated water. The main sources of contaminants,

friendly airlines or aircraft, the necessary information is not easily available to those,

the airline industry and airline management at MIT and is the Program Manager of the,

for clean air standards is borne by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The CAA,

industry. Her research activities have focused on the development of optimization models,

can be mitigated. We begin with a review of the local, national and international regulatory,

potassium chloride) are used less frequently because they may cause damage to aircraft.,

vide airlines with a strong disincentive to prematurely phase out or retire aircraft. For,

• Inadequate storage, handling or disposal of oils and other chemicals can also contribute,

safe landings, takeoffs and taxiing.1,

Cynthia Barnhart is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs for the MIT School of,

storm water drains and adversely affect plant and animal life.,

ter of Science in Transportation and a Ph.D. in Flight Transportation Systems from the,

on the development of international aircraft emission standards (EPA, 2005). Finally,,

typically produced through public reaction to noise assessments and environmental impact,

environmental performance. Even when passengers do wish to select environmentally,

from aircraft engines directly and indirectly (through the formation of cirrus clouds),

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He currently teaches graduate-level courses on,

Aircraft NOx emissions have indirect effects through production of tropospheric ozone,

medium-sized airport may use more than 264 000 gallons of deicing fluid (Betts, 1999). In,

There are three main ways to limit the impact of aviation on the environment: operational,

homes and land purchase) around airports. In particular, the Aviation Safety and Noise,

example, the cost of premature retirements to enable noise reduction has been estimated,

Prize Award for Best Paper in Transportation Science & Logistics , and the INFORMS,

necessary. These reserves are rarely used, but they add to the aircraft’s weight thereby,

Engineering, Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Sys-,

dispersing agents and thickeners. These additives protect the aircraft and allow the glycol,

2001). ADFs and AAFs consist mainly of ethylene or propylene glycol mixed with sev-,

homes and land purchase) around airports. In particular, the Aviation Safety and Noise,

produce a net warming effect). Section 14.6 discusses the impact of aviation emissions,

Transportation, in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He holds a Mas-,

Thus it can take up to 40 years to turn a fleet over to a new technology. In addition,,

chemicals such as oils, fuel and heavy metals.,

the airline industry and airline management at MIT and is the Program Manager of the,

the Presidential Young Investigator Award from the National Science Foundation, the First,

industry. Her research activities have focused on the development of optimization models,

chemicals such as oils, fuel and heavy metals.,

Co-Director of MIT’s Center for Transportation and Logistics. Professor Barnhart has,

the high capital costs of aircraft coupled with the high residual value of aircraft pro-,

typically produced through public reaction to noise assessments and environmental impact,

on the development of international aircraft emission standards (EPA, 2005). Finally,,

tems, and Co-Director of the Operations Research Center at the Massachusetts Institute,

to cling to aircraft surfaces for longer periods of time, reducing the need for repeated,

necessary. These reserves are rarely used, but they add to the aircraft’s weight thereby,

necessary. These reserves are rarely used, but they add to the aircraft’s weight thereby,

of hydrocarbons and heavy metals released from burnt materials.,

Ambient Air Quality Standards, or NAAQS) and requires states to implement a plan (state,