• Aviation fuel spills can occur as a result of human error, faulty valves or fuel venting.,

quality, community noise, local air quality, and climate change, and how these impacts,

There are three main ways to limit the impact of aviation on the environment: operational,

effectively balance the need for mobility with the demand for environmental protection,,

ties containing airports do not meet federal Clean Air Act standards (Pub. L. 101 - 549,,

requirements and environmental and business goals. For example, aircraft are required,

may have negative consequences for local, national and world economies. But allow-,

increasing fuel use (and thus increasing operating costs and environmental impacts). To,

ports are having an increasing influence on airport and aircraft operations. This influence is,

are technically feasible through basic research (NRC, 2002).,

Thus it can take up to 40 years to turn a fleet over to a new technology. In addition,,

2001 require containers to be strong enough to hold the oil without leaking or bursting,

on the development of international aircraft emission standards (EPA, 2005). Finally,,

on the development of international aircraft emission standards (EPA, 2005). Finally,,

of hydrocarbons and heavy metals released from burnt materials.,

Clearing of airfield surfaces is achieved using chemical deicing agents (e.g., ethylene or,

implementation plan, SIP) to achieve or exceed these minimum standards ,

areas are kept free of weeds for aircraft safety and to preserve the infrastructure. If,

2001). ADFs and AAFs consist mainly of ethylene or propylene glycol mixed with sev-,

using a combination of mechanical methods, deicing fluids and solid chemicals, to ensure,

friendly airlines or aircraft, the necessary information is not easily available to those,

ily through surface discharge of contaminated water. The main sources of contaminants,

by aircraft. Several subsequent acts have been used to promulgate additional aviation,

house gas emissions on the global climate (ICAO, 2005a). Within ICAO, the Committee,

by aircraft. Several subsequent acts have been used to promulgate additional aviation,

are technically feasible through basic research (NRC, 2002).,

example, the cost of premature retirements to enable noise reduction has been estimated,

of Technology. She has developed and teaches courses including carrier systems, opti-,

increasing fuel use (and thus increasing operating costs and environmental impacts). To,

• Aircraft deicing is the dominant source of biological oxygen demand (BOD) from,

ports are having an increasing influence on airport and aircraft operations. This influence is,

airport sources adversely affect air quality and therefore health. In the USA many coun-,

potassium chloride) are used less frequently because they may cause damage to aircraft.,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He currently teaches graduate-level courses on,

There are three main ways to limit the impact of aviation on the environment: operational,

for safety. According to the US EPA, it takes on average 500 - 1000 gallons (2250 - 4500,

2001). ADFs and AAFs consist mainly of ethylene or propylene glycol mixed with sev-,

• Aircraft deicing is the dominant source of biological oxygen demand (BOD) from,

In regions where temperatures drop below the freezing point, aircraft surfaces must be,

include land-use controls around airports and financial measures such as landing fees,,

levels. Aircraft noise levels in the vicinity of airports are regulated by the Joint Aviation,

Clearing of airfield surfaces is achieved using chemical deicing agents (e.g., ethylene or,

ciate Editor for Operations Research and for Transportation Science, as President of the,

the world can adopt (NRC, 2002). With regard to the environmental impact of aviation,,

the Presidential Young Investigator Award from the National Science Foundation, the First,

INFORMS Women in Operations Research/Management Science Forum, as President of,

for safety. According to the US EPA, it takes on average 500 - 1000 gallons (2250 - 4500,

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a United Nations body that,

actions in the commercial air transport arena must address a wide range of scientific,,

medium-sized airport may use more than 264 000 gallons of deicing fluid (Betts, 1999). In,